Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan’s Complex Separatist Challenges: A Potential Tool for Russia’s Geopolitical Agenda

Vladimir Putin's invasion of Ukraine and Russia's annexation of more of Kazakhstan, relations between the two countries have deteriorated. An increasing number of Kazakhs are expressing concerns about their country being the next target of Russian aggression and that Moscow...
Italy

Economic Turmoil: Assessing Italy’s Potential Default Crisis

The Italian government is expected to have more debt than expected, with a deficit of 4.3%, which is fueled by the already enormous public debt exceeding 140% of GDP. This has led to increased uncertainty regarding the sustainability of the...
Oil

The Geopolitical Shifts Shaping the Middle East

The geopolitical transformations in the Persian Gulf, which has been primarily driven by oil. Oil, also known as "black gold," has significantly transformed the monarchies of Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, making them "petromonarchies."...