The Government of India has unveiled a comprehensive strategy to invigorate its shipbuilding industry, marking a pivotal step in the country’s economic and maritime aspirations. Announced in the Union Budget on February 1, the plan encompasses a multifaceted approach involving significant financial investments, policy reforms, and international collaborations, all aimed at positioning India as a formidable player in the global maritime sector.
A cornerstone of this initiative is the establishment of a Maritime Development Fund (MDF) with a corpus of ₹25,000 crore (approximately US$3 billion). The government will contribute 49% of this fund, while the remaining 51% is expected to come from private investors and port authorities. This fund is designed to provide long-term financial support to the shipbuilding and ship repair sectors, addressing the industry’s need for sustained capital infusion.
By ensuring steady access to capital, the MDF aims to reduce dependency on foreign lenders, boost domestic ship manufacturing, and foster technological advancements. The fund is expected to encourage shipyard expansions, technological modernization, and the establishment of state-of-the-art repair and maintenance facilities.
To further incentivize domestic shipbuilding, the Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Policy (SBFAP) will undergo major reforms. One of the key measures includes cost-offsetting mechanisms, such as credit notes for shipbreaking at Indian yards. This move will help domestic shipbuilders compete with global players like China, South Korea, and Japan, who currently dominate the market.
Moreover, large ships above a specified size will now be classified as infrastructure assets, making it easier for shipbuilding companies to access financing. This classification is expected to attract major domestic and foreign investments, as infrastructure assets typically enjoy favorable lending terms and tax benefits.
Recognizing the need for regional shipbuilding hubs, the government has identified Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Odisha as key locations for dedicated shipbuilding clusters. These clusters will be provided with world-class infrastructure, technological support, and regulatory incentives to enhance production capacity and efficiency.
This move is expected to:
- Reduce logistical and transportation costs for raw materials and finished vessels.
- Encourage public-private partnerships (PPP) in shipbuilding.
- Foster collaboration between research institutions and industry leaders for innovation.
- Create thousands of new jobs in shipbuilding and allied industries.
Tax and Tariff Reforms to Boost Shipbuilding Competitiveness
To create a more conducive business environment for shipbuilders, the government has introduced a series of tax and tariff-related measures, including:
- Fixed-rate subsidies for shipbuilding for the next 10 years to ensure cost competitiveness.
- Basic Customs Duty (BCD) exemption on raw materials, components, and shipbreaking for another decade.
- Simplified tax structure by eliminating seven tariff rates, reducing the total to eight.
- Tonnage tax scheme extended to include the Inland Water Transport (IWT) sector, encouraging more investments.
- Finalization of provisional tax assessments within a 2+1 year time frame for greater transparency.
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limit in insurance raised from 74% to 100%, but only for companies that reinvest premiums within India.
- Special benefits for ship leasing units and insurance offices under the International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), with an extended cut-off date of five years for availing incentives.
- Extended incorporation period for start-ups by five years, providing greater flexibility for new entrants in the maritime industry.
These tax measures are designed to lower the cost of production, attract foreign and domestic investment, and position India as a globally competitive shipbuilding hub.
To modernize the shipbuilding sector, the government has introduced several digital and infrastructural initiatives, including:
- PM Gati Shakti Initiative: This flagship initiative will facilitate Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) by providing private sector players with access to real-time project planning data and digital maps.
- National Digital Repository: A centralized digital knowledge-sharing platform for the maritime industry to facilitate research, best practices, and policy developments.
- Bharat Trade Net: A Digital Public Infrastructure initiative to serve as a unified trade facilitation platform, improving transparency and efficiency in shipbuilding and maritime trade.
These digital advancements will streamline operations, enhance collaboration, and improve efficiency across the sector.
India is actively seeking international collaborations to integrate global best practices and cutting-edge technologies. Recent developments include:
- South Korea Collaboration: According to The Korea Herald, a high-level delegation from Hanwha Ocean Co. Ltd. visited India to explore partnerships with Indian shipyards, including Cochin Shipyard Ltd. and Hindustan Shipyard Ltd..
- Japan Partnership: Indian officials have engaged with top Japanese shipbuilders to study their operational efficiencies, lean manufacturing practices, and technological advancements.
- Potential European Tie-Ups: India is also in talks with leading European shipbuilders to explore joint ventures in green shipbuilding and advanced marine engineering.
These collaborations will help India leapfrog technological gaps and accelerate its shipbuilding expertise.
Challenges in India’s Shipbuilding Ambitions
Despite these bold initiatives, several global challenges must be addressed for India’s shipbuilding industry to thrive:
Supply Chain Disruptions
The COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical tensions have exposed vulnerabilities in the global supply chain. Delays in procuring critical components like engines, navigation systems, and specialized steel could hinder production. India must diversify sourcing strategies and localize manufacturing to reduce dependencies.
Environmental Regulations & Green Shipbuilding
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been enforcing stricter carbon emission regulations. Indian shipyards must invest in green technologies such as:
- LNG-powered vessels
- Hydrogen fuel cells
- Electric propulsion systems Failure to adopt these advancements could leave India lagging in the global race for sustainable shipbuilding.
Competition from Global Shipbuilding Hubs
China, South Korea, and Japan dominate global shipbuilding, benefiting from economies of scale, advanced technology, and massive government subsidies. India must scale up production, streamline regulatory processes, and enhance workforce training to compete effectively.
Rising Raw Material Costs
The volatility in steel, aluminum, and other essential materials affects shipbuilding costs. Establishing long-term procurement agreements and incentivizing domestic material production can help stabilize costs.
Shortage of Skilled Workforce
Shipbuilding requires expertise in naval architecture, marine engineering, and automation. India needs to expand maritime training programs, forge global industry-academia partnerships, and upskill workers to meet industry demands.
A thriving shipbuilding industry will not only bolster India’s economic growth and employment generation but also enhance its maritime security. By reducing reliance on foreign-built vessels, India can strengthen its naval fleet, improve coastal security, and support its growing blue economy.
Additionally, the ship recycling credit note scheme will promote sustainable shipbreaking, ensuring that valuable materials are reintegrated into production cycles.
The Indian government’s strategic push in the shipbuilding sector, as outlined in the Union Budget 2024, signifies a bold and comprehensive effort to reshape the industry. With substantial financial commitments, progressive policy reforms, and global partnerships, India is positioning itself as a major contender in the global maritime industry.
However, the successful implementation of these initiatives hinges on tackling global challenges, ensuring policy execution efficiency, and fostering technological innovation. If executed effectively, India’s shipbuilding sector could usher in a new era of economic growth, technological advancement, and maritime dominance, ultimately cementing its position as a global shipbuilding powerhouse.
