Muhammad Yunus, Bangladesh’s interim leader and Nobel laureate, announced on Monday that general elections could take place either in late 2025 or early 2026. The declaration comes four months after a student-led revolution toppled the long-standing regime of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, marking a pivotal shift in the nation’s turbulent political landscape.
Yunus, 84, known globally as a pioneer of microfinance, was appointed as the “chief adviser” to a caretaker government in the wake of the uprising. Since taking office, he has faced mounting pressure to outline a clear path toward restoring democratic processes in the South Asian nation of approximately 170 million people.
“The election dates could be fixed by the end of 2025 or the first half of 2026,” Yunus stated in a televised address. He emphasized that the timeline hinges on critical reforms and consensus among political parties, which have endured years of repression under Hasina’s government.
The announcement follows the August revolution that saw thousands of protesters, led by students and civil society groups, storm Dhaka’s prime ministerial palace. Hasina, 77, fled to India via helicopter as unrest swept through the capital. The uprising culminated in the collapse of her 15-year rule, a tenure marred by allegations of corruption, human rights abuses, and electoral manipulation.
In the weeks leading up to her ouster, hundreds were killed, primarily by police gunfire, during mass protests. In the immediate aftermath, scores of Awami League loyalists were targeted in reprisal attacks, underscoring the depth of public anger against her regime. Hasina’s government had been accused of using courts and civil institutions as political tools to entrench power, undermining Bangladesh’s democratic framework.
Yunus acknowledged the enormity of the task his caretaker administration faces. “Restoring democratic institutions in Bangladesh is an extremely tough challenge,” he said. “It requires thoughtful reforms and collective effort to ensure long-term stability.”
Central to Yunus’ vision is overhauling the electoral system to prevent the abuses that plagued past elections. Bangladesh’s last general election, held in January, was widely condemned as neither free nor fair. Boycotted by opposition parties amid a brutal government crackdown, the election allowed Hasina’s Awami League to claim victory unopposed.
One of the key reforms Yunus has proposed is the creation of an updated and accurate voter list. The caretaker leader described the task as “complex,” involving the removal of false entries while registering millions of first-time voters from a rapidly growing youth population.
“If the political parties agree to hold the election on an earlier date with minimum reforms, such as having a flawless voter list, the election could be held by the end of November,” Yunus suggested. However, he noted that a comprehensive reform agenda would require more time, potentially delaying the polls by several months.
Yunus also shared his aspiration for unprecedented voter participation. “I dream of ensuring 100 percent voter turnout,” he said. “If this can be achieved, no government will ever dare to strip citizens of their voting rights again.”
The revolution has brought dramatic changes to Bangladesh’s political landscape. The former opposition, led by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), is attempting to rebuild after enduring years of suppression under Hasina’s administration. Thousands of BNP leaders and activists were detained or forced into exile during her rule, and the party was largely sidelined in national politics.
Yunus’ caretaker government has committed to ensuring accountability for the abuses committed during Hasina’s tenure. “Those responsible for human rights violations and corruption will face justice,” he declared, confirming that a warrant has been issued for Hasina’s arrest.
Despite these efforts, Yunus’ government has faced criticism from various quarters. Some have questioned whether a caretaker administration, unelected and operating in the wake of a revolution, can effectively navigate the delicate balance between justice and reconciliation. Others worry about the potential for unrest if the timeline for elections is delayed too long.
The political turmoil in Bangladesh has compounded existing economic challenges. Inflation, unemployment, and income inequality are pressing concerns for Yunus’ administration, which must stabilize the economy while simultaneously implementing political reforms.
As the founder of Grameen Bank and a champion of microfinance, Yunus has long advocated for grassroots economic development. In his address, he underscored the importance of empowering marginalized communities and fostering entrepreneurship as a means of addressing economic disparities.
Yunus has also launched commissions to tackle systemic corruption, a pervasive issue that has hampered Bangladesh’s growth and governance. “Without addressing corruption, any reforms we undertake will be futile,” he warned.
The timeline for elections has elicited mixed reactions across Bangladesh. Civil society groups and student leaders who spearheaded the revolution expressed cautious optimism but stressed the need for transparency and inclusivity in the reform process.
“We support Yunus’ commitment to reforms, but the people must be kept informed every step of the way,” said Farhana Rahman, a prominent student activist. “This revolution was about reclaiming our democracy, and that means involving citizens in decision-making.”
Meanwhile, international observers have urged Yunus to prioritize stability and ensure that the transition to democracy is peaceful. The United Nations and the European Union have offered support for electoral reforms and voter registration efforts, recognizing the significance of Bangladesh as a regional player in South Asia.
However, some analysts have raised concerns about the potential for political polarization. “The longer the election is delayed, the greater the risk of unrest,” said Dr. Sayeed Alam, a political scientist at Dhaka University. “Bangladesh’s history shows that power vacuums often lead to instability.”
Despite the challenges, Yunus remains hopeful that Bangladesh can emerge stronger from its current turmoil. His administration has prioritized engaging diverse political stakeholders in dialogue to build consensus on the way forward.
“In this moment of transition, we must remember that our ultimate goal is to create a democracy that truly represents the will of the people,” Yunus said in his address.
For many Bangladeshis, his words offer a glimmer of hope in a country that has endured decades of political strife. As the nation grapples with the aftermath of revolution and the daunting task of rebuilding its institutions, Yunus’ leadership will be tested in the months to come.
As one Dhaka resident put it, “We have suffered for too long. This is our chance to start over. We must not waste it.”
The road to democracy in Bangladesh remains fraught with obstacles, but Yunus’ announcement marks an important step toward restoring the people’s faith in governance. The timeline he proposed — while tentative — signals the caretaker government’s intention to lay the groundwork for free and fair elections.
