BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

Iran’s Pivot to BeiDou After Israel Conflict Exposes GPS; New Frontline in Middle East’ Modern Electronic Warfare

Iran’s formal abandonment of the United States–controlled Global Positioning System (GPS) in favour of China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System in mid-2025 marks one of the most consequential shifts in the geopolitics of space-based infrastructure in decades. Far from a narrow...