Turkey has begun integrating tablet computers into the cockpits of its F-16 fighter jets to facilitate the seamless integration of new locally-developed weapons. This move has interesting parallels with Ukraine’s adaptation of Soviet-era jets to employ Western air-to-ground weapons, showcasing an innovative approach to overcoming compatibility issues.
A recent video demonstrating the test launch of the domestically developed SOM-J standoff missile revealed the presence of a mounted tablet in the cockpit of a Turkish F-16. This tablet is positioned on the Input Control Panel (ICP), located on the center console beneath the head-up display. The ICP is traditionally used for weapon selection, navigation settings, and radio communication. Additionally, pilots are also seen using another tablet on their knees, a growing trend that enhances situational awareness and reduces reliance on traditional paper manuals.
In this setup, the tablet is part of UBAS (Aircraft Independent Firing System), a Turkish-designed software solution that provides a weapons interface for Turkish-made stores like the SOM-J missile. The system is reportedly installed in Turkey’s upgraded F-16C/D Block 40 aircraft but is not compatible with older models. While the exact number of jets equipped with UBAS remains unclear, it is likely that the system is being used primarily for testing before being widely integrated into Turkey’s F-16 fleet and potentially other platforms.
The SOM-J missile, developed by Turkey’s Roketsan, originates from the Stand-Off Missile (SOM) and was initially designed for internal carriage on the F-35. Despite Turkey’s ejection from the F-35 program, development of the SOM-J continued. The missile boasts a range of at least 170 miles and utilizes a GPS/inertial navigation system (INS) for guidance, with an imaging infrared seeker for the terminal phase. Measuring 12.8 feet in length and weighing approximately 1,190 pounds, the SOM-J represents a significant advancement in Turkey’s indigenous weapons capabilities.
The use of tablet-based workarounds for integrating new weapons onto legacy aircraft platforms is a growing trend. Ukraine has employed a similar approach to enable Soviet-era fighters to deploy Western weapons. U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment Dr. William LaPlante previously highlighted how Ukrainian pilots were able to operate Western air-to-ground munitions using tablets to interface with their aircraft’s systems, often deploying these weapons in combat within a week of integration.
Similarly, Turkish engineers are now tackling the reverse challenge—integrating new Turkish-made munitions onto older U.S.-made F-16s. The UBAS system allows these aircraft to deploy Turkish weapons without requiring modifications to the F-16’s proprietary software.
Turkey possesses the third-largest fleet of F-16s in the world, and its aircraft have seen extensive combat operations. However, strained relations between Ankara and Washington have resulted in limited access to certain upgrade options. Turkey has taken proactive steps to ensure the longevity of its fleet, including service-life extension programs conducted by Turkish Aerospace, formerly known as Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI).
Turkey operates multiple F-16 variants, including Block 30, 40, and 50 models. UBAS has so far been integrated into Block 40/50 jets that underwent the Common Configuration Implementation Program (CCIP) upgrade, completed in 2015. This modernization package introduced the AN/APG-68(V)9 multi-mode radar, enhanced cockpit displays, improved avionics, and new weapons capabilities.
UBAS further enhances these aircraft by enabling them to carry various Turkish-made munitions, such as the HGK INS/GPS-guided bomb, the KGK glide bomb, and the LGK-82 laser-guided bomb. Additionally, locally developed air-to-air weapons are being integrated, although these do not appear to rely on the UBAS system.
The ability to independently integrate indigenous weapons onto the F-16 fleet is strategically significant for Turkey. With U.S.-Turkey relations experiencing fluctuations in recent years, Ankara has taken measures to reduce reliance on American defense contractors. For instance, Turkey stockpiled F-16 spare parts in 2019, anticipating potential U.S. sanctions.
Turkey’s expulsion from the F-35 program further heightened the need for domestic defense solutions. The Turkish Aerospace-developed TF Kaan next-generation fighter is not expected to enter service until at least 2030, making it imperative for Turkey to sustain and modernize its existing F-16 fleet. The country has also sought to acquire additional F-16s from the U.S., with President Biden endorsing the sale in early 2024 after Turkey approved Sweden’s NATO membership bid. However, no official sale has yet materialized.
By extending the operational lifespan of its F-16s through upgrades like UBAS, Turkey ensures that these aircraft remain viable combat assets well into the 2050s. The system’s potential extends beyond Turkish F-16s, as demonstrated by its installation in Azerbaijan’s Su-25 attack jets, enabling them to deploy Turkish precision-guided munitions.
Turkey’s rapidly expanding defense aerospace sector, particularly in munitions and drones, positions it as a rising player in global arms markets. The UBAS system could prove instrumental in facilitating the integration of Turkish weapons onto U.S.-made fighters for international clients. Countries seeking cost-effective upgrades to their aging fleets may find UBAS to be a compelling solution.
Moreover, the broader application of tablets in military aviation is becoming increasingly evident. Beyond weapon integration, tablets are playing a crucial role in training applications and are expected to be integral to controlling Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCA) drones in the future.
Turkey’s adoption of tablet technology in F-16 cockpits highlights the increasing role of digital solutions in modern military aviation. The UBAS system represents a cost-effective, rapid method of integrating indigenous weaponry onto U.S.-made aircraft without requiring access to proprietary software. With its ability to enhance combat capabilities while reducing dependence on foreign defense suppliers, UBAS is a game-changing development for Turkey’s air force and its defense industry. As Turkey continues to invest in indigenous aerospace advancements, it is likely that similar innovations will emerge, shaping the future of military aviation in the region and beyond.
