Türkiye has successfully demonstrated the ability of the Bayraktar TB3 STOL (Short Take-Off and Landing) drone to operate from the TCG Anadolu, the world’s first dedicated “drone carrier.” This groundbreaking operation marks a pivotal moment in both naval aviation and drone technology, showcasing Türkiye’s growing capabilities in defense innovation.
The historic event unfolded on November 19, 2024, when the Bayraktar TB3 drone launched from the TCG Anadolu’s inclined runway, completing a 46-minute test flight over the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. This operation represents the first instance of a drone conducting take-off and landing operations on a dedicated drone carrier. The success not only underscores Türkiye’s growing technological prowess but also heralds a new era of naval warfare, where unmanned systems play a central role.
The TCG Anadolu, commissioned in April 2023, is the Turkish Navy’s largest vessel, boasting a total displacement exceeding 27,000 tonnes. Originally designed to accommodate fifth-generation F-35B VSTOL (Vertical Short Take-Off and Landing) fighter jets, the ship’s mission was redefined following Türkiye’s exclusion from the F-35 program. Instead, the TCG Anadolu was repurposed to serve as a hub for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other cutting-edge platforms.
The Bayraktar TB3, developed by Baykar, represents a major leap in drone technology. Specifically tailored for maritime operations, the drone is equipped with a host of advanced features to ensure seamless performance aboard drone carriers.
Powerful Engine: A PD170 engine delivering 172 horsepower.
Reinforced Landing Systems: Built to withstand the stresses of deck operations.
Foldable Wings: Designed to conserve space in carrier hangars.
Robust Payload Capabilities: Six hardpoints enabling the carriage of anti-tank guided missiles, laser-guided rockets, and smart bombs.
With a wingspan of 14 meters and a body length of 8 meters, the Bayraktar TB3 has a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) of 1,450 kg. The drone can operate continuously for up to 24 hours, with a range of 2,000 kilometers, making it a versatile asset for long-endurance missions.
The TCG Anadolu’s 12-degree inclined runway and short-deck platform posed a significant challenge for deck-based drone operations. However, the successful test flights of the Bayraktar TB3 demonstrate that the vessel has effectively adapted to its new role as a drone carrier.
Originally conceived as an amphibious assault ship, the TCG Anadolu now serves as a mobile launchpad for UAVs, enabling Türkiye to project power far beyond its shores. The ability to deploy unmanned systems from the sea is a transformative development, enhancing Türkiye’s naval flexibility and extending its reach across critical regions like the Aegean, Mediterranean, and beyond.
The Bayraktar TB3 is designed for multi-role capabilities,
Strike Missions: Equipped with precision-guided munitions, the TB3 can deliver devastating firepower against enemy targets.
ISR Operations: The drone’s Beyond-Line-Of-Sight (BLOS) communication systems enable real-time intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions over vast distances.
Adaptability: Its STOL capability allows it to operate from both short-deck carriers like the TCG Anadolu and ground-based runways, providing operational versatility.
This adaptability makes the Bayraktar TB3 a valuable asset for urban, remote, and maritime operations alike.
The evolution of the TCG Anadolu into a drone carrier marks a significant strategic pivot for Türkiye. The shift was prompted by Türkiye’s acquisition of the Russian S-400 “Triumf” air defense system, which led to its removal from the U.S.-led F-35 program. While the exclusion was a setback, Türkiye responded by doubling down on domestic defense innovations, including the development of advanced UAVs and UCAVs (Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles).
The deployment of the Bayraktar TB3 aboard the TCG Anadolu is a testament to Türkiye’s resilience and ability to adapt to changing geopolitical and technological landscapes. By leveraging its indigenous defense industry, Türkiye has managed to turn a challenge into an opportunity, emerging as a leader in unmanned systems.
The success of the Bayraktar TB3 is just the beginning for the TCG Anadolu. The vessel is also expected to host the Bayraktar Kızılelma, an unmanned fighter jet currently under development by Baykar. The Kızılelma represents the next generation of UAV technology, featuring jet propulsion, stealth capabilities, and advanced avionics.
When operational, the Kızılelma will significantly enhance Türkiye’s maritime and aerial power, complementing the capabilities of the TB3. Together, these platforms will position Türkiye as a dominant force in the Mediterranean and beyond, capable of executing precision strikes, ISR missions, and other critical operations.
The successful deployment of the Bayraktar TB3 aboard the TCG Anadolu has far-reaching implications for global naval and aviation technology. Key takeaways include:
The Rise of Drone Carriers: As the first vessel of its kind, the TCG Anadolu demonstrates the feasibility of drone carriers as a cost-effective alternative to traditional aircraft carriers.
Expanding Maritime Roles for UAVs: The TB3’s success underscores the growing importance of unmanned systems in maritime operations, from reconnaissance to strike missions.
Technological Leadership: Türkiye’s advancements in UAV technology signal its emergence as a global leader in the defense sector, challenging traditional powerhouses.
The integration of advanced drones like the Bayraktar TB3 into the Turkish Navy reflects broader geopolitical ambitions. As a key player in the Eastern Mediterranean, Black Sea, and Middle East, Türkiye seeks to bolster its power projection capabilities and enhance its influence in regional security affairs.
The TCG Anadolu and its fleet of unmanned systems provide Türkiye with a strategic edge, enabling rapid deployment of forces and assets across contested regions.
